Yugoslavia fue el nombre adoptado para designar al reino de los serbios, croatas y eslovenos, constituido al término de la Primera Guerra Mundial mediante la unión de parte de lo que fue el Imperio Austro-Húngaro con Serbia y Montenegro. La República Federal Socialista de Yugoslavia está formada, en este momento, por seis repúblicas federadas: Bosnia y Herzegovina, Croacia, Eslovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro y Serbia, ésta, a su vez, comprende dos entidades autónomas: Kosovo y Vojvodina.
Estamos invitados a una slava, una de las fiestas más representativas y centenarias de la tradición ortodoxa; cada familia tiene un patrón que les protege y al que, al menos una vez al año, se le agradece la protección recibida, por lo que cada familia lo celebra en fechas distintas. Encendemos la vela en un candelero que se ha transmitido de padres a hijos a través de las generaciones junto a la imagen de su santo patrón. La familia también prepara dos comidas ceremoniales: el kolac un pastel de Slava y un plato de trigo llamado zito. Es tradicional en Serbia que no sólo el resto de la familia visite el hogar, sino que todos los amigos y vecinos se pasen para abrazar a la familia organizadora y probar las decenas de platos típicos: sarma, cerdo asado, paprike, kiflice...despidiéndonos hasta el próximo año con la última cosecha de Rakija, el aguardiente de los Balcanes, ¡Ziveli! ¡Srecna Slava!.
 |
| Bosnia |
Cruzamos el rio Drina, frontera natural entre las repúblicas de Serbia y de Bosnia y Herzegovina, fuente de inspiración para un escritor de bandera, Ivo Andric. Visitaremos Sarajevo con mi amiga Hana, ciudad famosa por los hechos que desencadenaron el inicio de la Primera Guerra Mundial; el asesinato del Archiduque Francisco Fernando, heredero al trono del Imperio Austro-Húngaro y por el asedio atroz de la ciudad que nunca debió ocurrir al principio de la década de 1990, pero seguimos haciendo un esfuerzo considerable para no recordar ningún capítulo negro del pasado y por ello Hana nos muestra por qué Sarajevo es considerado un puente entre Oriente y Occidente, con su mezcla de mezquitas e iglesias, sus callejones repletos de bazares y comerciantes y sus avenidas bohemias; un Estambul en Viena, una Viena en Estambul.
Nos despedimos de Sarajevo con una interesante leyenda detrás de la fuente Sebilj, que dice que una vez que hayas probado sus aguas, no tardarás en volver a Sarajevo. Puede que tengan razón, pero de lo que sí estoy seguro es que si se prueban los cevapis del restaurante Zeljo, no se tardará en volver a Sarajevo.
 |
| Montenegro |
Y no queremos terminar nuestra historia sin visitar la joya de la corona en Yugoslavia, el mar Adriático, con la bahía de Kotor en Montenegro, que cuenta con el fiordo más meridional de Europa, con Dubrovnik en Croacia, perdiéndonos en su inigualable casco histórico y el atardecer desde sus murallas y, sobre todo, los pequeños pueblecitos e islas que adornan su costa. Desde uno de esos pueblos los croatas sostienen la teoría que Marco Polo nació ahí...y siguiendo los pasos de nuestro ídolo Marco Polo, os presentaré el próximo capítulo desde Japón
¡To je to bre! ¡Feliz Navidad!
English Version
 |
| Serbia |
Imagine that we are right now in the year 1980 in Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia was the name adopted to designate the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, created at the end of the First World War by joining what was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire with Serbia and Montenegro. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is formed, now, of six republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, this last one comprises two autonomous entities: Kosovo and Vojvodina.
The 80's are thought to be the decade in which Yugoslavia becomes a main power in Europe:
- In the last twenty years the average annual gross domestic product grows by 6%, medical care is free, literacy is 91% and life expectancy of 72 years.
- Yugoslavia is part and founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, as a group of States, founded during the Cold War with the indirect confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, aiming to maintain its neutral position and not to get allied with any of the two superpowers.
- In sport, Sarajevo prepares to host the XIV Olympic Winter Games. Two years before they were elected by the IOC over Gothenburg and Sapporo.
- In the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics, Yugoslavia won the gold medal in basketball, a championship yet watered down with the absence of the United States following their boycott.
- Four years earlier, in 1976,Yugoslavia hosts the finals of the European Football Championships. The final will be held at the Red Star Stadium, better known as Little Maracana and Czechoslovakia was proclaimed champion for the first time in the penalty shootout against the powerful Germany. The winning penalty was scored by Panenka, naming an immortal style.
May 1980, Marshal Tito dies, the spiritual and political leader of Yugoslavia, the man who had been able to seal the wounds that arose during World War II, the comrade who rejected the embrace of Stalin, the commander of the Yugoslav dream. A catastrophe that, apart of becoming a milestone for the future of this great country, will also be a real wallop for all its inhabitants. His funeral will be mourned throughout the Yugoslav geography, his coffin travelling for the last time the railway line between Ljubljana and Belgrade. Many fear that without his presence, unity and brotherhood, concepts that were strongly extolled by Tito, will be impossible to maintain the dream.
But we are not here to reopen old wounds, list the deep crises and economic recessions or recount the many despicable acts that resulted in the Yugoslav Wars and that forced, in the end, an unrecoverable ethnic division, we are here to do an exercise of imagination and avoid mentioning any kind of atrocities.
 |
| Belgrade |
May 2012, Yugoslavia is the seventh most populous country among the members of the European Union with about 25 million people (22 million today, plus an estimate of 3 million among those who died in war and childbearing age), the Yugoslav constitution recognizes three official languages: Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian, and two co-official in their regions: Albanian and Hungarian, three major religions coexist peacefully as well: Catholics, Muslims and Orthodox. Needless to say it is one of the leading countries for tourism, combining summer tourism on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, nature and rural tourism and finally, winter tourism with many slopes.
We will visit Yugoslavia picking some relevant points of its geography and there is no better place to start our tour than from the Republic Square in Belgrade, the capital. With the presence of Prince Mihailo on his horse (kod Konja) contemplating the passing of generations and time, a prince, that several years ago, showed the way back to the Turks. Belgrade presents itself as one of the strongest cities in the world having overcome all kinds of grueling mental test, bringing up the fighting and survival spirit of its inhabitants, and when we talk about Belgrade, we precisely talk about its inhabitants, because here, more than elsewhere in the world, its inhabitants are the symbol of their city. From "kod Konja" with Elizabeta, we walk across Knez Mihailova street, lined with shops, cafes and restaurants, witnessing the great atmosphere both at day and night, showing the remains of dominations of Austrians, Hungarians and Turks for centuries, reaching Kalemegdan at the top end, the other symbol of the city, with a fortress and a park located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, rivers that once upon a time were the border of two great empires. Centuries ago, its strategic position could be considered because a source of tragedies and misfortunes, but today Belgrade central position in Europe is undoubtedly a fortune. Belgrade and its inhabitants are a synthesis of the memory of the city and an inner struggle against those bad memories to transform into the dynamic city we know today.
 |
| Kod Konja |
After celebrating our visit at night in one of the boats (splavovi) on the Sava river in Belgrade and understand why it has become the focus of the Central European nightlife, we headed to Zlatibor, where we expect the grandfather Miroslav Perovic. To understand today's Yugoslavia, we begin our journey into the bowels of the Yugonostalgia in the deepest of the deep Yugoslavia: and exaclty in the city that until the fall of the communist regime was named Titovo Užice, and now simply known as Užice. The town serves as a gateway to the region of Zlatibor, a small natural paradise, culinary and unifying center of folk traditions. Our beloved grandfather told us that the people of this country take every opportunity to meet, eat and celebrate,! And this is what we came here for!
 |
| Zlatibor |
We are invited to a slava, one of the most representative and centennial celebrations of the Orthodox tradition, each family has a patron saint that protects them and that, at least once a year, they have to be grateful to for the protection they received, so each family celebrates it in different dates. We light the candle in a candlestick that has been passed from father to son through the generations along with the image of their patron saint. The family also prepares two ceremonial meals: the kolac a cake made specially for the Slava and another dish made out of wheat called Zito. It is traditional in the Slava the not only the rest of the family visits home, but also all the friends and neighbors pass by to embrace the head of family and test dozens of dishes: sarma, roast pork, paprike, kiflice ... we are ready to say goodbye, but only until next year, trying the latest crop of rakija, the brandy of the Balkans: Ziveli! Srecna Slava!.
 |
| Sarajevo |
We crossed the Drina river, the natural border between the republics of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, inspiration for a master writer, Ivo Andric. I will visit Sarajevo with my friend Hana, famous for the events that triggered the start of the First World War, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the terrible siege of the city that never should have happened in the beginning of the 1990s, but, as we said, we are making significant efforts not to remember any black chapter of the past and, therefore, Hana will show us why Sarajevo is considered a bridge between East and West, with its mix of mosques and churches, its streets filled up with bazaars and merchants and their bohemian avenues, an Istanbul in Vienna, a Vienna in Istanbul.
We say farewell to Sarajevo with an interesting legend behind Sebilj fountain that says that once you've tasted its water, you'll soon return to Sarajevo. They may be right, but what I am sure of is that if you have tested cevapis in the Restaurant Zeljo, you will soon return to Sarajevo.
 |
| Croatia |
And do we want to finish our story without visiting the jewel of the crown in Yugoslavia, the Adriatic Sea, with the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro, having the southernmost fjord in Europe, with Dubrovnik in Croatia, as we get lost in its unique historical city center and we watch the sunset from its walls and, especially, the small villages and islands that adorn this beautiful coast. From one of those towns Croats theorize that Marco Polo was born here ... and following the footsteps of our idol Marco Polo, I will present my next chapter from Japan
To je to bre! Happy Christmas!
 |
| Dubrovnik |
No comments:
Post a Comment